Hi, I'd like to add textDocument/documentColor method to rust-analyzer, it will allow libraries with a type like Color { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 } to annotate this type with special attributes #[rust_analyzer::color::rgb].

IDEs can then annotate expressions known at compile time that of type Color
with color swatches, similar to how it works for CSS:

I added the feature to Helix from the client side (helix-editor/helix#12308) and think it'd be fun to also add it from the server side.

My current plan is to have an API like this:

#[rust_analyzer::color::rgb]
struct Color {
    #[rust_analyzer::color::rgb::r]
    red: f32,
    #[rust_analyzer::color::rgb::g]
    green: f32,
    #[rust_analyzer::color::rgb::b]
    blue: f32,
}

// the expression `Color { ... }` will have a red square next to it!
const RED: Color = Color {
    red: 255,
    green: 0,
    blue: 0,
};

This is what I want for a MVP:

1. Visit every expression that is known at compile time (is const)
2. If the type struct of the expression contains
   an attribute #[rust_analyzer::color::rgb], proceed
3. If there are 3 f32 fields with attribute #[rust_analyzer::color::rgb::{r,g,b}],
   then we have all the necessary information to construct the type itself

Currently, the problem that I face is that I cannot obtain the Type of an expression. type_of_expr returns None:

for event in file.preorder() {
    let syntax::WalkEvent::Leave(syntax_node) = event else { continue };
    let Some(expr) = syntax::ast::Expr::cast(syntax_node) else { continue };
    dbg!(&expr);

    // `type_of_expr` fails... but why?
    let Some(ty) = sema.type_of_expr(&expr) else { continue };
    dbg!(ty);
}

I'm building rust-analyzer with cargo run --release then in .helix/languages.toml I tell the editor to use the built binary:

[language-server.rust-analyzer]
command = "/home/e/contrib/rust-analyzer/target/release/rust-analyzer"

This works. I get hover information, auto-complete. I get custom logs in Helix's log (:log-open).

The current implementation draws a single hard-coded red square in the file, so I assume the problem isn't with my setup

Closes #13122